1. So the first one deals with your knowledge that a horizontal line is 180 degrees. Also, the sum of the angles in a triangle is 180 degrees.

Line S is intersected by line T to form two angles- 106 degrees and another angle that we do not know. Since the value of the ENTIRE line is 180 degrees, 180-106 =74. This is one value of the angle of the triangle in the diagram. The sum of angles in a triangle is 180, so the third unknown angle is 180-74-23 = 83. Then, we do the same thing with line R. 180-83=97. X is 97.

Hopes this helps!