The second answer is 48 As per the pattern, a remains 4 each time  As per the pattern, 8 is being added to the second term each time As per the pattern, a multiple of 8 is being added to the third ...

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The answer for the first question is 1 You have to separate 2^32 -1 to (2^16+1)(2^16-1) then you can cancel (2^16-1) from the numerator and denominator  Repeat this process again until it becomes 1...

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